Fertility Focus – June 2026

For years, many women diagnosed with PCOS have felt the name never fully reflected what they were actually experiencing. You may have been told you have “polycystic ovaries” despite never having ovarian cysts, while your main challenges have instead been irregular cycles, insulin resistance, fatigue, acne, weight changes, inflammation, or fertility difficulties.

In May 2026, an international consensus published in The Lancet proposed renaming PCOS to PMOS: Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome. The updated term reflects a growing understanding that this condition involves multiple hormonal and metabolic systems throughout the body, rather than being confined to the ovaries.

The previous name has long been considered misleading. The “cysts” seen on ultrasound are typically immature follicles rather than true ovarian cysts, and ovarian appearance alone does not fully explain the condition.

PMOS recognises the broader role of metabolic and endocrine factors such as insulin resistance, blood sugar regulation, inflammation, and hormonal imbalance, all of which can influence ovulation, androgen production, and fertility.

This change is particularly relevant in fertility care. Historically, management has often focused on symptom control, weight loss, or ovulation-inducing medication. While these approaches can be helpful, they may not always address the underlying physiological drivers contributing to symptoms or difficulty conceiving. A more systems-based understanding encourages consideration of metabolic health, inflammation, stress, sleep, nutrient status, and lifestyle factors that can all influence reproductive function.

Importantly, PMOS can present very differently from one woman to another, which is why a personalised approach is essential. Recognising the complexity of the condition supports more individualised fertility care that looks beyond symptom management and considers root drivers of hormonal imbalance.